Assassinations of Hezbollah and Hamas Leaders Stir Fears of Wider War
NY Times-July 31st2024
The predawn assassinations of a top Hamas leader in Tehran and a senior member of Hezbollah in Lebanon left the entire Middle East on edge Wednesday, as Iran’s leaders vowed revenge and threatened to derail fragile negotiations for a Gaza cease-fire.
The Hamas leader, Ismail Haniyeh, 62, a top negotiator in the cease-fire talks, was killed after he and other leaders of Iran-backed militant groups had attended the inauguration of Iran’s new president.
Both Iran and Hamas accused Israel of killing Mr. Haniyeh, who led the group’s political operations from exile in Qatar, but Israel has not commented on those accusations. It was not immediately clear how the killing was carried out.
Hours before the assassination, Israel said it had struck Fuad Shukr, a senior member of Hezbollah. Hezbollah confirmed on Wednesday that he had been killed.
The two strikes suddenly shifted the calculus in the Middle East, after a month in which Israel and Hamas had appeared to edge closer to a cease-fire agreement. Such a deal was expected to lead to a truce between Israel and Hezbollah after months of trading cross-border fire.
Now, the focus is on how Hamas and Hezbollah will respond to attacks on their leaders; how Iran will react to a strike on its territory; and whether either reaction leads to the outbreak of a wider regional war. An Israeli strike on Iranian commanders in Syria in April led Iran to fire hundreds of missiles at Israel. Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said Mr. Haniyeh’s assassination would prompt a “harsh punishment.”
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, speaking in a televised address on Wednesday night, noted recent Israeli strikes in Yemen and Lebanon but did not mention the death of Mr. Haniyeh in Tehran.
He said that Israel had heard threats “from everywhere” since the strike in Beirut, and that his country would “exact a heavy price against any aggression — from any front.”
Here’s what else to know:
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Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has issued an order for Iran to strike Israel directly, in retaliation for the killing of Mr. Haniyeh in Tehran, according to three Iranian officials briefed on the order. It is unclear how forcefully Iran will respond, and whether it will calibrate its attack to steer clear of escalation, as it did in April with a barrage of missiles and drones that was telegraphed well in advance.
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While Israel rarely comments on its actions in Iran, it is usually more open about its strikes in Lebanon. On Tuesday night, the Israeli military swiftly announced a separate strike in Beirut’s southern suburbs on Mr. Shukr, who it blamed for an assault on Saturday that killed 12 children and teenagers in an Israeli-controlled town.
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Mr. Haniyeh had long played a central role in Hamas, helping lead the group through elections and multiple wars with Israel, though it is unclear how much control he and other exiled Hamas political leaders exercised over the group’s leaders in Gaza and its military wing, which carried out the Oct. 7 attack. Read the full obituary here.
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Mr. Haniyeh was also a key figure in Hamas’s cease-fire negotiations with Israel, and his assassination makes the prospects for a deal even more unclear. The United States was not informed of the strike that killed Mr. Haniyeh ahead of time, Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken said during a trip to Singapore on Wednesday, adding that the Biden administration was continuing to focus on de-escalating the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza.
Gabby Sobelman, Isabel Kershner and Aaron Boxerman contributed reporting.
Assassination of a top Hamas leader spurs rallies worldwide.
In Pakistan, Morocco, Mauritania, Turkey, Tunis, Jordan, the West Bank and beyond, people around the world took to the streets on Wednesday, responding to the apparent assassination of Hamas’s political leader, Ismail Haniyeh, in Iran.
Mr. Haniyeh was killed in Tehran early Wednesday, where he had just attended the inauguration of the country’s new president. Although Iran and Hamas announced Mr. Haniyeh’s death, accusing Israel of the killing, they have given few details about what took place. Israel has neither officially acknowledged nor denied responsibility.
News of Mr. Haniyeh’s death came shortly after Israel said late on Tuesday that it had killed Fouad Shukr, a senior Hezbollah commander in Lebanon, in a strike on the suburbs of Beirut. Israel said Mr. Shukr was responsible for the deaths of 12 children killed in a violent attack on a soccer field in the Druse Arab village of Majdal Shams in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights on Saturday. Hezbollah had denied responsibility for that attack but has claimed responsibility for a continual slew of strikes on northern Israel since the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attack on Israel set off the war in Gaza.
The deaths of Hamas and Hezbollah leaders have raised fears among international diplomats that a wider war in the Middle East — which they have been hoping to avoid through many months of diplomacy — may be nearing an inevitability.
Rally attendees on several continents carried images of Mr. Haniyeh and waved Palestinian flags as they marched. Mr. Haniyeh, who is reviled as a terrorist in Israel, and for whom the International Criminal Court’s prosecutor was seeking a warrant arguing reasonable grounds to believe that he had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity, is being championed as a martyr for the Palestinian cause in some countries.
In Gaza, where civilians have endured nearly 10 months of fighting, destruction, disease and hunger because of a war that Hamas set off, Mr. Haniyeh’s death was met with mixed emotions, including apathy and anger about the Hamas leader, who lived in Qatar.
In Karachi, Pakistan, his supporters led a procession with a banner in English that read, “Down With U.S.A.” and “Down With Israel,” declaring their allegiance with Hamas and its fallen leader.
Jonathan Miller, an Israeli ambassador, cast Israel’s assassination of a Hezbollah commander in Beirut as a retaliatory strike, saying it would continue to “respond with great force against those who harm us.”
He did not make mention of Haniyeh’s assassination in Tehran, but accused Iran of having “used its proxies, Hamas and Hezbollah, to target Israel and our citizens from every direction.” The Security Council must increase sanctions on Tehran and condemn it for supporting “regional terrorism,” Mr. Miller added.
Feda Abdelhady, a Palestinian ambassador at the U.N., told the Security Council that Palestine demands accountability not just for Haniyeh’s assassination, but also for decades of Israeli crimes committed against the Palestinian people and for nearly 300 days of “genocidal war” against Palestinians in Gaza.
“There is no right that Israel can claim to justify these war crimes and crimes against humanity,” she added. “The right to peace and security is the right of all states in the region and in every region of the world. It is not an exclusive right of Israel.”
Some airlines, including United and Delta, have announced that they are suspending flights to Israel, given fears of escalating violence in the Middle East.“Beginning with this evening’s flight from Newark Liberty to Tel Aviv, we are suspending for security reasons our daily Tel Aviv service,” United said in a statement. Similarly, Delta said flights between New York and Tel Aviv will be paused through Friday “due to ongoing conflict in the region.”
The State Department on Wednesday, in addition to warning against travel to Lebanon, also advised Americans not to go to northern Israel “within 2.5 miles of the Lebanese and Syrian borders,” citing “rising tensions” between Hezbollah and Israel, and advised travelers to “reconsider” going to Israel more broadly “due to terrorism and civil unrest.”
Iran’s U.N. ambassador, Amir Saeid Iravani, condemned the killing of Mr. Haniyeh in Tehran as an “act of terror” by Israel and a “grave breach” of Iran’s sovereignty. He told the Security council that the assassinations of Mr. Haniyeh and a top Hezbollah commander in Beirut suggest that Israeli leaders have “an intention to escalate conflict and expand the war through the entire region.”
A photograph of a damaged building in Tehran that is circulating on Telegram is the site where the senior Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh was killed on Wednesday, according to an Iranian official who shared the image with The New York Times.
Much remains unknown about the killing of Mr. Haniyeh in Tehran early Wednesday, after he attended the inauguration of Iran’s new president and a meeting with the country’s supreme leader. Although Iran and Hamas announced Mr. Haniyeh’s death, accusing Israel of the killing, they have given few details about what took place. Israel has neither acknowledged nor denied responsibility.
The official who shared the image spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly. The photo, which is circulating on Telegram channels affiliated with Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, shows a six-story structure in the upscale, leafy neighborhood of Zafaranieh in northern Tehran. The building is adjacent to the Saadabad Palace, which is used for government ceremonies. Its location is consistent with early reports of an explosion in northern Tehran, and The Times matched the building visible in the photo with satellite imagery of the site, confirming it is a building at the northern edge of Tehran.
One corner of the building appears to have sustained damage and is covered with a green cloth. Rubble can be seen on the roof of the first floor.
Just six days ago, another image of the same building, taken by the satellite company Maxar Technologies on July 25, shows no visible damage and no green tarp. That suggested that the image showing damage was taken more recently. It was not clear exactly when the tarp was placed on the building.
The United Nations Security Council has begun a meeting to discuss the developments in the Middle East, including the killing of Mr. Haniyeh. “We need swift diplomatic efforts toward de-escalation, and the Security Council plays a crucial role in this regard,” Under-Secretary-General Rosemary DiCarlo said in her opening remark.
Hundreds of Palestinians marched through the streets of Ramallah and Nablus in the Israeli-occupied West Bank on Wednesday to protest Mr. Haniyeh’s assassination. A general strike had been called across the West Bank, according to Wafa, the Palestinian Authority’s official news agency, and Mahmoud Abbas, the Authority’s president, had announced a day of mourning.
The United States on Wednesday imposed new sanctions on two people and four companies that it said helped procure weapons for the Iranian-backed Houthis in Yemen, who have launched rockets and drones at commercial shipping and at Israel. The new sanctions target “key actors” in China, Hong Kong and Yemen who have “directly supported Houthis’ efforts to procure military-grade materials,” according to a statement from the Treasury Department.
Al Jazeera, the influential Arab news network, said that two of its journalists were killed on Wednesday in an Israeli airstrike on their car in Gaza City.
The Qatar-based network said the reporter Ismail al-Ghoul and his cameraman, Rami al-Rifee, were killed in Shati camp in northern Gaza after reporting from or near the house of the deceased Hamas political chief, Ismail Haniyeh, who was assassinated in Tehran on Wednesday. The network accused the Israeli military of targeting the journalists with a “direct hit,” and reported that “their car was clearly marked as a press vehicle.”
“The assassination of Ismail and Rami, while they were documenting the crimes of Israeli forces, underscores the urgent need for immediate legal action against the occupation forces to ensure that there is no impunity,” Al Jazeera Media Network said in a statement.
Mohammed Moawad, Al Jazeera’s managing editor, praised Mr. al-Ghoul’s courage in a post on social media.
“Ismail was renowned for his professionalism and dedication, bringing the world’s attention to the suffering and atrocities committed in Gaza,” he said.
The Committee to Protect Journalists has said the war in Gaza has led to the deadliest period for correspondents since it began gathering data in 1992, with at least 111 journalists and media workers among the more than 39,000 people killed in Gaza.
Mr. Moawad posted a message that he said had been written by Mr. al-Ghoul, in which the journalist reflected on being haunted by the incessant civilian suffering and death he’d seen while reporting on the conflict in Gaza.
“Let me tell you, my friend, that I no longer know the taste of sleep,” Mr. al-Ghoul wrote. “The bodies of children and the screams of the injured and their blood-soaked images never leave my sight. The cries of mothers and the wailing of men who are missing their loved ones never fade from my hearing.”
He added: “I am tired, my friend.”
An Al Jazeera video from outside a hospital showed two corpses on stretchers wearing vests meant to protect journalists, marked with the word “press.” The journalists were on their way to a hospital after being asked to leave the area by Israeli forces, according to Al Jazeera.
Jodie Ginsberg, the chief executive of the Committee to Protect Journalists, said in a statement on social media that the organization was “dismayed” by the journalists’ deaths.
“Journalists are civilians and should never be targeted,” she said. “Israel must explain why two more Al Jazeera journalists have been killed in what appears to be a direct strike.”
The Israeli military did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Wednesday.
Israel has a fraught relationship with Al Jazeera. In May, the Israeli government shut down the organization’s local operations in a step that critics denounced as anti-democratic and part of a broader crackdown on dissent over the war against Hamas.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has accused Al Jazeera, a major source of news in the Arab world that has often highlighted civilian suffering in Gaza, of harming Israel’s security and inciting violence against its soldiers, though Israeli officials offered no examples. The initial order to shut down, set for 45 days, has since been extended.
The New York Times and other major international outlets have evacuated Palestinian journalists who had been working for them in Gaza. Israel and Egypt have restricted entry by international journalists into Gaza — with the exception of coordinated visits to specific sites with the Israeli military — so the stories that emerge from the war have often been left to local Palestinian reporters to document alone, working in extremely dangerous conditions.
“It is clear that journalists need to be protected,” Stéphane Dujarric, a United Nations spokesman, told reporters in a briefing on Wednesday. “These and other similar incidents must be fully and transparently investigated, and there must be accountability.”
Anushka Patil contributed reporting.
Ayatollah orders Iranian retaliation directly against Israel for the Haniyeh killing, officials say.
Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has issued an order for Iran to strike Israel directly, in retaliation for the killing in Tehran of Hamas’s leader, Ismail Haniyeh, according to three Iranian officials briefed on the order.
Mr. Khamenei gave the order at an emergency meeting of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council on Wednesday morning, shortly after Iran announced that Mr. Haniyeh had been killed, said the three Iranian officials, including two members of the Revolutionary Guards. They asked that their names not be published because they were not authorized to speak publicly.
Iran and Hamas have accused Israel of the assassination; Israel, which is at war with Hamas in the Gaza Strip, has neither acknowledged nor denied killing Mr. Haniyeh, who was in Tehran for the inauguration of Iran’s new president. Israel has a long history of killing enemies abroad, including Iranian nuclear scientists and military commanders.
Through almost 10 months of war in Gaza, Iran has tried to strike a balance, putting pressure on Israel with sharply increased attacks by its allies and proxy forces in the region, while avoiding an all-out war between the two nations.
In April, Iran made its biggest and most overt attack on Israel in decades of hostility, launching hundreds of missiles and drones in retaliation for an Israeli strike on its embassy compound that killed several Iranian military commanders in Damascus, Syria. But even that show of force was telegraphed well in advance, nearly all the weapons were shot down by Israel and its allies, and little damage was done.
Now it is unclear how forcefully Iran will respond, and whether it will once again calibrate its attack to steer clear of escalation. Iranian military commanders are considering another combination attack of drones and missiles on military targets in the vicinity of Tel Aviv and Haifa, but would make a point of avoiding strikes on civilian targets, the Iranian officials said. One option under consideration is a coordinated attack from Iran and other fronts where it has allied forces, including Yemen, Syria and Iraq, for maximum effect, they said.
Mr. Khamenei, who has the last word on all state matters and is also the commander in chief of the armed forces, instructed military commanders from the Revolutionary Guards and the army to prepare plans for both an attack and a defense in the event that the war expands and Israel or the United States strike Iran, the officials said.
In his public statement about Mr. Haniyeh’s death, Mr. Khamenei signaled that Iran would retaliate directly, saying, “we see avenging his blood our duty,” because it happened on the territory of the Islamic Republic. He said Israel had set the stage for receiving “a severe punishment.”
Statements from other Iranian officials, including the new president, Masoud Pezeshkian, the foreign ministry, the Guards and Iran’s mission to the U.N., also said openly that Iran would retaliate against Israel and that it had a right to defend itself against a transgression on its sovereignty.
Iran and the regional forces it backs — Hamas, Hezbollah in Lebanon, the Houthis in Yemen and multiple militias in Iraq — form what they call the “axis of resistance.” Leaders of those groups were in Tehran for the inauguration of Mr. Pezeshkian on Tuesday. Mr. Haniyeh was assassinated at about 2 a.m. local time, after attending the ceremony and meeting with Mr. Khamenei.
The killing shocked Iranian officials, who described it as crossing red lines.
It was a humiliating security breach for a country eager to project strength but long frustrated by its inability to prevent Israel from carrying out covert operations on its soil. The embarrassment was compounded by Mr. Haniyeh’s prominence, the presence of other allies, and that he was attacked at a highly secure Revolutionary Guards guesthouse on a day of heightened security in the capital.
Many Iranian supporters of the government and officials expressed outrage at the failure to thwart the assassination, saying only a handful of senior security officials would have known where Mr. Haniyeh was staying. Some took to social media to say that Iran’s first priority should be to clean house and ensure the safety of its senior officials.
“Before revenge first ensure the safety of the supreme leader,” said Alireza Katebi Jahromi, a journalist and supporter of Iran’s government, in a post on X.
Iranian officials don’t view Mr. Haniyeh’s assassination as just Israel’s opportunistic killing of one of its foes, but also as an affront to their security apparatus that suggests anyone in Iran, at any level, could be targeted and killed.
Analysts said that Iran sees retaliation as necessary for both avenging the killing of Mr. Haniyeh but also deterrence against Israel killing other powerful enemies, like Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, or Gen. Ismail Qaani, the commander of the Quds Forces who oversees the militant groups outside Iran.
“Iran likely believes it has no choice other than retaliating to deter further Israeli attacks, defend its sovereignty, and preserve its credibility in the eyes of its regional partners,” said Ali Vaez, the Iran director of the International Crisis Group.
Citing rising tensions between Hezbollah and Israel, the State Department on Wednesday warned Americans not to go to Lebanon, raising its advisory from Level 3, or “reconsider travel,” to Level 4, or “do not travel.” The British government issued a similar advisory, and told British nationals already in Lebanon to give the British government their contact information.
John F. Kirby, a White House national security spokesman, said the Biden administration believed it was “too soon to know” what impact the assassination of Haniyeh might have on negotiations over a ceasefire and the release of hostages. He said the U.S. was still in touch with Egypt and Qatar.