According to local media reports and human rights groups, more than 700 people were arrested across five provinces during the 12-day conflict. The Center for Human Rights in Iran, which is based in New York, said it received credible reports of hundreds more arrested in Tehran. It reported that at least six people were executed for spying for Israel, including three who were put to death in Oroumieh in western Iran on June 25.

Rights groups have condemned the moves, with Amnesty International warning against arbitrary executions and expedited trials. The arrests have also raised fears inside Iran that a new wave of repression is coming, as the government seeks to root out spy networks and clamp down on any dissent among the wider population.

Iranian security forces have beaten, arrested, tortured and executed thousands since the Islamic Republic was founded in 1979. More recently, the regime cracked down on nationwide protests that erupted when a woman died while in the custody of Iran’s guidance patrol — or morality police — in September 2022.

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