The once covert alliance, involving Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, burst into public view on the night of April 13, when it aided Israel in intercepting 99 percent of more than 300 drones and missiles launched from Iran — the first direct strike of its kind by Tehran after decades of shadow war with the Jewish state.

Israel’s military chief lauded the collaboration at the time as paving the way for “new opportunities for cooperation in the Middle East.” White House national security adviser John Kirby said it sent “a strong message about where Israel is in the region versus where Iran is in the region.”

Four months later, with Iran vowing to respond forcefully to the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh in its own backyard, Israel is more regionally isolated, which military analysts say could make the country more vulnerable. There are also fears that, even with American support, Israel’s aerial defense systems may not be able to fully counter a massive, coordinated attack.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has refused to agree to a cease-fire and hostage release deal in Gaza, despite pressure from Washington and appeals from his own military chiefs. The killing of Haniyeh — the lead Hamas negotiator — angered U.S. officials and Arab leaders, who had believed talks were at a critical stage. While Israel has neither confirmed nor denied its role in the assassination, it told U.S. officials immediately afterward that it was responsible.

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